Energia eólica: panorama do setor no mundo, no Brasil e na região Nordeste no período de 2008 a 2018

Abstract

The present study discusses the panorama of wind energy production in the world, in Brazil and in the Northeast Region from 2008 to 2018. It highlights incentives to Brazilian production and social and environmental aspects focusing on the Northeast Region. This is a descriptive, exploratory and bibliographic research based on reports from official sources and information and data published by the National Electricity Agency (ANEEL), Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME), Ministry of Environment (MMA), Brazilian Association of Wind Energy (ABEEólica), among other materials. It has been found that wind energy production has been growing worldwide because it is one of the alternative renewable sources of clean and inexhaustible energy. Brazil has been increasing its participation significantly and specific public policies have helped this expansion. In 2016, it reached the fifth position in installed capacity in the world and the first in Latin America. From the socioeconomic point of view, the high investment in the sector contributes to the growth of less developed regions, through the generation of employment, income and qualification of the workforce. In environmental terms, when compared to other types of energy sources, the wind sector generates less degradation to the environment, since its production does not generate residues and, practically, it does not release polluting gases. However, certain negative impacts require attention and the most critical are about wildlife, noise and visual pollution.