A Ajuda Oficial pra o Desenvolvimento a partir de três perspectivas teóricas

Abstract

Since the end of the World War II, development issues have become central to the international agenda. Each subsequent decade has set up scenarios with differing perspectives on development goals and strategies, but in all of them Official Development Assistance (ODA) has remained one of the main instruments from developed nations to the peripheral countries. In the early 2000s, aid gained ground as an essential means of implementation to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and has kept this role in the Agenda 2030 for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Despite all the importance that has been attached to aid over the last decades, there is no consensus in the literature about its role and effectiveness. This work consists of a theoretical analysis and discussion about Official Development Assistance from three perspectives: the pro-aid, which supports analytically its role as an instrument for development, represented by the economist Jeffrey Sachs; the critic from the economic liberalism represented by the economist Dambisa Moyo; and the critic from the structuralism developmentalist represented by the economist Erik Reinert.