Estado nutricional e parâmetros bioquímicos de ratas alimentadas com dieta dislipidêmica durante a gestação e lactação e suas repercussões sobre o estado nutricional da prole.

Abstract

Nutritional disorders such as maternal dyslipidemia during gestation and lactation are related to increased nutritional and metabolic complications for the mother and her offspring. In this context, the present study evaluated the effects of the consumption of a dyslipidemic diet during gestation and lactation on the nutritional status and biochemical parameters in Wistar rats and the repercussions on the nutritional status of offspring. Wistar rats (Rattus norvergicus) were used with approximately 200 g. After the first day of pregnancy, the animals were randomly assigned to two groups: control group (CONT, 7% lipid diet, n = 6) and dyslipidemic group (DISLIP, diet with 14.5% lipids, n = 6) during gestation and lactation. The gauging of weight and consumption during pregnancy was performed daily. In the lactation, the consumption was performed daily and the weight measured every three days. At the end of lactation, analyzes of the nutritional status, glycemic profile, lipid profile and possible repercussions on the nutritional status of offspring were performed. The results showed that the exposure to the dyslipidemic diet reduced the food intake of the mothers at the end of the last 2 weeks of lactation (p <0.05). However, the body weight of CONT and DISLIP rats was similar during gestation and lactation (p> 0.05). At the end of lactation, rats fed a dyslipidemic diet showed high levels of total cholesterol (CT, p <0.05), very low density lipoprotein + low density (VLDL + LDL, p <0.05) and decreased lipoprotein High density (HDL, p <0.05) when compared to the CONT group. However, there was no change in triglyceride levels (p> 0.05) between the CONT and DISLIP groups. Similarly, the glycemic repercussions observed in the oral glucose tolerance test (p> 0.05) and insulin (p> 0.05) were similar between the groups. In the offspring of males submitted to maternal dyslipidemia, a reduction in body mass index (BMI) at birth (p <0.05) as well as weight and BMI at 21 days of life (p <0.05) were observed when Compared to the control group. In the offspring of females, body weight reduction and BMI were observed at 21 days of life (p <0.05). In summary, dietary intake rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol during gestation and lactation alters maternal lipid metabolism and impacts nutritional status in offspring of males and females.