Concentrações séricas de vitamina D e sua relação com risco cardiometabólico em adolescentes de uma escola pública de João Pessoa/PB.

Abstract

Hypovitaminosis D has been found in different age groups, including adolescence. During this phase, this nutrient plays an important role in bone metabolism and recently its deficiency seems to be involved in the onset of some chronic pathologies such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum concentrations of 25 (OH) D and to identify its relationship with nutritional status and pressure levels of adolescents in a public school in the city of João Pessoa-PB. It was a cross-sectional study with adolescents between 15 and 19 years old, of both genders. The study was previously approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (CAAE nº 31927314.6.0000.5183). Data were collected through the application of a questionnaire on sociodemographic data, clinical history and sun exposure. To assess the nutritional status, individual measures of weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were taken, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Food consumption was evaluated through the application of two 24-hour recall food surveys, on alternate days, and later analyzed in AVANUTRI software. To determine the serum levels of 25 (OH) D, PTH and Calcium, blood samples were collected fasting at the school and analyzed in a private laboratory. Statistical analyzes were performed using the statistical program SPSS (version 21). A total of 57 high school students were enrolled, of which 59.65% (n = 34) were female and 40.35% (n = 23) males, with a mean age of 17.32 ± 0.98 years , A prevalence of 53% (n = 30) of vitamin D insufficiency / deficiency was observed, and when divided by sex, girls presented a prevalence of more severe insufficiency, PTH and calcium levels presented normal, Exposure to the sun 51% (n = 29) reported exposing less than 30 minutes daily, and all adolescents had a daily intake of vitamin D lower than the recommendations of DRI's. As for anthropometry, mean weight of schoolchildren was 57.42 ± 11.32 kg and height of 1.64 ± 0.08 m, the mean BMI obtained was 21.45 ± 3.99 kg / m², While for SBP and DBP it was 112.02 ± 12.13 mmHg and 75.18 ± 8.29 mmHg, respectively. It was observed that 14.03% (n = 8) were overweight / obese, 10.53% (n = 6) presented cardiometabolic risk and 17.54% (n = 10) were diagnosed with borderline BP / stage 1 hypertension. In addition, 25 (OH) D levels were found to correlate positively with calcium levels (p = 0.025) and daily vitamin D intake (p = 0.011), but no association was found with the variables Of cardiometabolic risk. The present study demonstrated a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency / deficiency in school adolescents, especially in girls, noting an association between their levels and serum calcium levels and their dietary intake. It was also observed that part of the sample was overweight / obese and cardiometabolic risk, but no correlation was found with vitamin D. Therefore, knowing the importance of vitamin D in this age group, it is suggested that public health measures and actions Nutritional education are adopted to reduce this problem.