Frequência e distribuição da leishmaniose visceral canina no município de Campina Grande - Paraíba.

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and the main domestic reservoir is the dog. The process of expansion and urbanization of leishmaniasis occurs in Brazil and with the wide geographic distribution in Brazil, the Northeast stands out as the region with the highest number of cases. Transmission occurs through insects, the sandflies, also known as the mosquito-straw, are found mainly in environments with high humidity and low light. This study aimed to determine the frequency and spatial distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs from the city of Campina Grande-Paraíba, Brazil, in the years 2018 and 2019. Data from the LVC monitoring reports provided by the Environmental Health Surveillance Center were used and Zoonosis Control of Campina Grande. For the examination of LVC, the rapid immunochromatographic test - TR DPP (Dual Path Platform) was used. The frequencies of positive reagent dogs by year and administrative region of the municipality were calculated. In total, 2,602 dogs were examined, of which 359 (13.80%) were positive reagents in the rapid immunochromatic test (DPP). In 2018, the positive reagents represented 8.71% (102 / 1,171) of the dogs examined and, in 2019, the positive reagents were 17.96% (257 / 1,431). It is observed that there was an increase of 22.20% of dogs examined and 151.96% in the positive results from 2018 to 2019. It was observed that 83.57% (300/359) of the positive dogs came from the urban area, however, this area contributed with 92.81% of the animals examined (2,415 / 2,602), which may have contributed to the higher frequency of positives from the urban area, however, when analyzing the frequency within each stratum (rural; urban) , the rural area stands out with 31.55% (59/187), when compared to the urban area 12.42% (300 / 2,415). In this sense, the highest frequency of positives was observed in the districts of the municipality (34.03%; 49/144) and the lowest frequency was observed in the East Zone (7.69%; 11/143). However, analyzing the proportion of tests performed by region, 75.1% of the animals examined in the two years of the study came from the West Zone, which concentrated 60.2% of the positive animals. It is in this area that the Malvinas neighborhood is located, origin of 63.22% (1,645 / 2,602) of the dogs examined during the study period, and where 44.57% (160/359) positive dogs were located. The knowledge of the frequency and spatial distribution of the infection is very important to support the disease control and prevention actions, according to the characteristics presented in each location.