Acalanto: perfil espiritual de pacientes com HIV/ AIDS

Abstract

The aim of this research was to identify the spiritual profile of patients with HIV / AIDS, by applying the spiritual needs questionnaire, The Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ) from Büssing, originally written in German, it has been translated and validated in 12 languages including Brazilian Portuguese. To discuss these results we rely on the discourse of the Sciences of Religion and use as a phenomenological approach Gilbert Durand's General Theory of the Imagination (TGI), supporting the understanding of the condition of the patient with HIV/AIDS, which as every human being carries within them. Resources of their social and cultural imaginary and of the universe in which their confrontations our effort is through the replication of SpNQ in the state of Paraíba with a sample similar to that applied primarily in Brazil. Data collection occurred at the Dr. Clementino Fraga Hospital Complex for Infectious Diseases, a reference hospital in the state of Paraiba. The final study included the participation of 157 HIV/AIDS patients, most of them male participants, aged between 30 and 49 years old and having completed high school, and of these only 16 members of the sample reported participating in some religious activity, the most frequent religions were catholic and evangelical. Our sample consisted of patients with HIV/AIDS treated at the outpatient clinic of the referred health unit. In order to achieve what was proposed in our objective, the data were tabulated and analyzed using the statistical software IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows) version 21 and R Studio 3.4.1; using the following techniques: Descriptive Statistics and Confidence Interval; Exploratory Factor Analysis; Internal Consistency Analysis; Item Response Theory; Analysis of Variance (ANOVA of an independent factor). This study of ours conformed a structure of 5 factors: Religious Needs (α = 0.73), International Peace Needs and Family Support combined (α = 0.64), Existential Needs (α = 0.49) and in place of the “Active Donation” factor, two new domains, which They were named Social Recognition (α = 0.54) and Time Domain (α = 0.57). With these results it was observed that, in our sample, the institutional religiosity perceived in the composition of the items of Need for Social Recognition shows that seropositive patients differentiate religiosity from spirituality: The factor Religious Needs presented α = 0.73, and gathers own items of the definition of the construct "spirituality". This differentiation was not observed in any other study. The results presented good validity standards, being sensitive to cultural diversity, allowing its use in other patients in Brazil