Investigação no ensino de Biologia: abordagens diferenciadas para aulas práticas em uma escola de Ensino Médio – Mogeiro/PB

Abstract

The school, today, faces great challenges before a society that becomes, increasingly, mediatic and immediatist. While many teachers are still in an analogical context, chained to archaic practices or methods typical of a methodology in which the teacher is the sole holder of knowledge, this Master's Conclusion Paper (TCM) has the opportunity to contribute to the teaching work and to form young citizens who are protagonists in the production of their knowledge. The objective was to develop scientific research with high school students to improve teaching and learning in biology classes; Encourage the search for knowledge in Biology classes, through the protagonism of high school students; To innovate the pedagogical practice in the teaching of Biology at the State School of Elementary Education Otávia Silveira; To promote the interdisciplinarity through the moments of construction of the knowledge with the high school teachers, and To identify the importance of the use of simple materials in the biology classes, found in the day to day to facilitate the teaching-learning process. The TCM was developed using the qualitative approach, the Ethnographic method, with an emphasis on School Ethnography. The research was initially developed with 90 students from the three high school series of the State School of Elementary and Middle School Otávia Silveira (EEEFM Otávia Silveira) in Mogeiro / PB. The evaluation of students participating in the experimental practices occurred during the process as a whole, from the group interactions and the discussions and correlations between theory and practice. In order to collect and analyze the data of the research, the scores obtained by the participating students during the three-month period (April to December) of 2018 and their final results were categorized as follows: unsatisfactory (between 0.0 and 4.9), partially satisfactory (between 5.0 and 6.9) and satisfactory (between 7.0 and 10.0) in the final mark in Biology. The students of the three High School Years carried out activities according to some specific contents distributed as follows: in the first series, the practical activities were: Passive Transport, Iodine Test and Microscopy; in the second series, were: Virtual plant album, Pigment extraction, Fermentation, Exsicts and Didactic entomological box, and in the third series the practice of Plant DNA extraction was carried out. The participating students presented, in an efficient way, the skills proposed in the practices and were approved in the discipline Biology in 2018, as evidenced in the SABER system of the Paraíba Department of Education. It is concluded that it is worth spending hours planning and researching active methodologies. The teacher is more than "passador" of content, therefore it must be questioning, instigator and fomentador of knowledge. As a product of the practical activities carried out, a playbook was created. It is hoped that this didactic resource will help in the planning of other Biology teachers on a day-to-day basis. This desire to always improve teaching practice also pointed to the importance of the Professional Master's Degree in Biology Teaching - PROFBIO, which added the academic knowledge of teaching professionals with their desires to make a biological education enjoyable and efficient.