Impacto da suplementação materna com óleo e polpa de abacate (Persea americana Mill.) sobre o desenvolvimento físico, comportamental e peroxidação lipídica em ratos

Abstract

Nutrition exerts influence in the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy, transporting of essential nutrientes to the fetal and postnatal development and in long term, has implications in the behaviour of the offspring and risk of future metabolic diseases. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an oleaginous fruit source of fatty acids with high phyto-complex concentrations that exhibit various metabolic effects and neuroprotection functions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of maternal supplementation with avocado oil and pulp (during gestation and lactation) on the physical and behavioral development of offspring and biochemical parameters, and hepatic lipid peroxidation in dams. The dams were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 dams/group), according to gavage supplementation during gestation and lactation: Control (GC) - distilled water; Avocado oil (AO) - 3000 mg avocado oil/kg animal weight, and Avocado pulp (AP) - 3000 mg avocado pulp/kg animal weight. At birth, the offspring (n = 15 pups/group) were standardized in litters of 6 (six) male offspring and after weaning received ad libitum the same standard feed offered to the dams. At the end of lactation, were analyzed in dams, food intake, body weight, length, body mass index, abdominal and thoracic circumference, organ and adipose tissue weight, lipid percentage of the liver and breast milk, the biochemical profile (Glycemia, Total cholesterol, TGC, HDL, LDL, ALT, AST) and hepatic MDA. In the offspring, analysis of somatic development, and postnatal reflex ontogeny (T0 to T21), and Open Field Habituation Tests, with Object Recognition Testing (ORT) were performed for the adolescent (T45) and adult (T90) phases. The content of brain fatty acids at T0, T21, T45 and T90 was also evaluated. The results were analyzed and were considered significant at p <0.05. AO and AP dams presented reductions in food intake with no change in murine parameters, body weight, or organ weight (p<0.05). Pulp or oil supplementation promoted a reduction in glycemia, TGC, LDL, AST and ALT (p<0.05). HDL increased and the atherogenic index (AI) decreased in the AO and AP dams (p <0.05). There was a reduction in hepatic MDA (AO and AP) (p <0.05). In the offspring, acceleration of reflex maturation and reflex ontogeny was observed in AO and AP, especially in the pulp group (p <0.05). All groups presented a decrease in the ambulation parameter in the second exposure to the open field, in T45 and T90 (p <0.05). The result of the brain fatty acid profile presented higher PUFA content in the AO and AP groups at T21, T45 and T90. In dams, supplementation with avocado maximized lipidic lactation adjustments, with positive results for maintaining health. In the offspring, maternal supplementation with oil or avocado pulp anticipated reflex maturation, somatic postnatal development and improved memory in the adolescent and adult phases. Thus, the dietary intake of this lipid source during gestation and lactation is recommended. Key-words: avocado; fatty acids; lactating dams; atherogenic index; offspring; neurodevelopment. The result of the brain fatty acid profile presented higher PUFA content in the AO and AP groups at T21, T45 and T90. In dams, supplementation with avocado maximized lipidic lactation adjustments, with positive results for maintaining health. In the offspring, maternal supplementation with oil or avocado pulp anticipated reflex maturation, somatic postnatal development and improved memory in the adolescent and adult phases. Thus, the dietary intake of this lipid source during gestation and lactation is recommended. Key-words: avocado; fatty acids; lactating dams; atherogenic index; offspring; neurodevelopment. The result of the brain fatty acid profile presented higher PUFA content in the AO and AP groups at T21, T45 and T90. In dams, supplementation with avocado maximized lipidic lactation adjustments, with positive results for maintaining health. In the offspring, maternal supplementation with oil or avocado pulp anticipated reflex maturation, somatic postnatal development and improved memory in the adolescent and adult phases. Thus, the dietary intake of this lipid source during gestation and lactation is recommended. Key-words: avocado; fatty acids; lactating dams; atherogenic index; offspring; neurodevelopment. The result of the brain fatty acid profile presented higher PUFA content in the AO and AP groups at T21, T45 and T90. In dams, supplementation with avocado maximized lipidic lactation adjustments, with positive results for maintaining health. In the offspring, maternal supplementation with oil or avocado pulp anticipated reflex maturation, somatic postnatal development and improved memory in the adolescent and adult phases. Thus, the dietary intake of this lipid source during gestation and lactation is recommended. Key-words: avocado; fatty acids; lactating dams; atherogenic index; offspring; neurodevelopment. The result of the brain fatty acid profile presented higher PUFA content in the AO and AP groups at T21, T45 and T90. In dams, supplementation with avocado maximized lipidic lactation adjustments, with positive results for maintaining health. In the offspring, maternal supplementation with oil or avocado pulp anticipated reflex maturation, somatic postnatal development and improved memory in the adolescent and adult phases. Thus, the dietary intake of this lipid source during gestation and lactation is recommended.