Principais abordagens cirúrgicas das afecções de pálpebras e cílios de cães e gatos: revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Physical or functional abnormalities of the eyelids or eyelashes can result in changes to the ocular surface and subsequently impair vision. Thus, knowledge of the surgical techniques normally used for the treatment of these conditions is of fundamental importance for the veterinarian of small animals, as dogs and cats are often affected species. The wide variation in the facial and ocular confirmation of the different races, exacerbated by selective breeding to obtain specific phenotypes, has contributed to the existence of numerous disorders of the ocular adnexa, such as the ocular brachycephalic syndrome and the diamond eye. Frequent conditions that affect eyelid function include conformational abnormalities such as entropion and ectropion in dogs and eyelid coloboma in felines, as well as diseases that require eyelid reconstruction, circumstances found in trauma, and eyelid neoplasms. In the third eyelid, the protrusion of the lacrimal gland and the eversion and inversion of the cartilage are commonly observed diseases. On the other hand, alterations in cilia include distichiasis, ectopic cilia, and trichiasis. The following literature review aims to address the main conditions of eyelids and eyelashes of canines and felines, in which the treatment is surgical, detailing the execution of the steps of the surgical technique, as well as its indications for each type of condition. It is also intended, with this work, to highlight the consequences of these affections on the quality of life and health of dogs and cats of breeds that were raised under a strict phenotypic standard, where man prioritized physical characteristics over animal welfare.