Distribuição de renda e políticas públicas no brasil: uma breve análise durante a crise da COVID-19

Abstract

Given the impacts caused by Covid-19 on the economy and given the importance of public actions in the distribution of income, the general objective of this research sought to analyze the distribution of income in Brazil during the period of the Covid-19 pandemic. Specifically, we intended to: a) analyze data on income distribution and inequality in Brazil; b) the actions used by the government to minimize the damage caused by the pandemic in the distribution of income in the country, and c) identify which regions benefited most from the actions implemented by the government. Therefore, a literature review on income distribution in Brazil, the public policies used for income dissociation, as well as the actions used by the Brazilian government during the pandemic period, was used as a theoretical framework. As a methodology, an exploratory analysis was chosen through relevant bibliographies on the subject, of a descriptive and analytical nature, to portray the distribution of income in Brazil. The database used sought to analyze macroeconomic variables that can capture the panorama of income inequality in Brazil in the period 2019 to 2021. In these terms, we used: GDP, average family income, Gini index, exchange rate, inflation and interest rate. Furthermore, data from public policies carried out by the government during the Covid-19 period were also used. The results indicate that income inequality in Brazil had a strong initial impact with the pandemic and is showing a slow recovery, deepened by economic factors such as the increase in inflation, interest rate and high currency devaluation that reduces purchasing power of the population. It was also evident that emergency public policy contributed to the distribution of income in most Brazilian regions, especially in the Northeast and North. However, the government must develop a set of actions in the medium and long term, both economic and in terms of public policies, which can be more effective and not just temporary, in terms of economic productivity and income distribution.