A influência do superciclo das commodities dos anos 2000 sobre a economia chilena: uma análise das variáveis socioeconômicas

Abstract

This paper studies the case of the Chilean economy under the commodities boom, which lasted from 2003 to 2014. The objective is to analyze the effects of the phenomenon on the country's external accounts, public finances, and social-economic indicators. The methodology adopted consists of a qualitative and descriptive analysis, with the consolidation of data from specialized literature and official sources, such as the Central Bank of Chile, UNCTAD, ECLAC, the World Bank, the IMF, among others. The effects of the commodities boom on the Chilean economy were intense and varied. External accounts have improved considerably. Tax revenues increased a lot, but a large part of these revenues was spent instead of being stored in the Economic and Social Stabilization Fund (FEES). Social-economic indicators also improved: there was a reduction in unemployment rates, inequality, and the percentage of poor and indigent people. During the period observed, the level of GDP rose, as well as its growth rates and GDP per capita. Remunerations, in general, also rose. Inflation, on average, remained low and under control. Pearson's Coefficient was calculated for the copper price and the following indicators: exchange rate, unemployment rates, GDP, GDP per capita and inflation. The study found a high correlation between the copper price and unemployment rates, GDP, and GDP per capita.