Influência do status metabólico e do consumo alimentar na ocorrência e magnitude do emagrecimento induzido por um programa de treinamento físico em adultos com excesso de peso

Abstract

Studies demonstrate a wide variability in responses to qualified weight loss lines, mainly through physical training. In this sense, biochemical factors and dietary aspects can be explanatory variables. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of dietary intake (macro and micronutrients) and metabolic variables (oxidative stress, lipid and glycemic profile) on the effectiveness of an exercise-induced weight loss program in overweight individuals. Seventy-four overweight and obese people were randomized into: 1) Trained group (n = 58, 41 women) who underwent 12-week aerobic training; 2) Control (n = 16, 13 women), who made stretching perfumes once a week. Body composition (DXA), aerobic capacity and anaerobic threshold (ergospirometry), nutritional (24h recall), fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and fractions, and redox balance (malondialdehyde - MDA; total antioxidant capacity - CAOx) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Independent T-test, Two-Way mixed ANOVA for repeated measures, Chi-Square, binary logistic regression were used. A p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. There was a reduction in the trained group for body mass (85.00 ± 11.27 kg to 84.08 ± 11.50 kg), fat mass (36.76 ± 6.06 kg to 35.40 ± 6.83 kg) , total cholesterol (196.55 ± 50.27 to 178.37 ± 42.73), LDL (127.29 ± 37.75 to 115.58 ± 39.63) and triglycerides (137.18 ± 61.80 to 121.91 ± 56.92) and increased MDA (2.29 ± 0.77 to 2.67 ± 0.73). As for the metabolic variables, the pre-intervention CAOx influences the frequency of weight loss: of the 31 participants who started the training program with CAOx below 25%, a large majority (90.3%) was responsive to weight loss with the training program; while among the 27 who started with CAOx above or equal to 25%, only 66.7% also achieved weight loss. In addition, blood glucose reduction also influences the response to weight loss, but in the opposite direction to that expected according to previous biological plausibility: of the 30 participants who did not reduce fasting blood glucose, the vast majority (93.3%) was responsive to weight loss with the training program; on the other hand, among the 28 who reduced blood glucose, only 64.3% also achieved weight loss. Age was also an influencing factor. In conclusion, pre-training glycemia and greater increases in CAOx are potential exponents of responsiveness to weight loss induced by a training program.