Determinantes clínicos para a estratificação do risco cardiovascular e avaliação da qualidade de vida de portadores de diabetes tipo 2

Abstract

Introduction: Diseases and complications of the cardiovascular system are the most common conditions presented as a result of uncontrolled hyperglycemia in the population with type 2 diabetes (DM2), causing a great impact on their routine activities and negatively affecting their quality of life, in addition to being considered the most common cause of mortality for diabetics, especially for the elderly. Objectives: To identify the clinical determinants of cardiovascular risk and assess the quality of life of patients with type DM2. Methodology: This is a descriptive observational study, with a quantitative approach, which investigated the health profile of diabetic patients followed up in the following Locations: Department of Endocrinology at the University Hospital Lauro Wanderley (HULW) and at the Integrated Health Care Center of Jaguaribe, in João Pessoa, Paraíba. The sample was obtained by convenience and a total of 87 elderly and non-elderly diabetic patients (<60 years (n=34) and ≥60 years (n=53) were evaluated. The following instruments were used: physical therapy (developed especially for this study), cardiovascular risk (using the Framingham Score), socioeconomic (developed for this study) and quality of life (using the WHOQOL-bref) assessments. Data were analyzed using the SPSS for Windows (Statistical program Package for the Social Sciences) version 23.0. Normality tests were initially used for inferential analysis, followed by comparison between groups by Student's T and Mann Whitney tests. The Chi-square test was used to verify the association between variables and significance p<0.05 for all analyses. Results: Most of the patients in this study were aged ≥ 60 years (n = 53; 60.9%) and of these, 69.8% (n=37) were women. Almost half of the study participants, regardless of age, had only completed elementary school (p = 0.988). The association between diabetes and hypertension was present in the ≥ 60-year-old group, affecting 88.7% of the participants (n=47; p<0.001). For patients < 60 years, the most prevalent complications were renal and ophthalmic (both with 26.5%), while for individuals ≥ 60 years, ophthalmic (34.0%) and cardiovascular (41.5%) complications were the most identified (p<0.001). Overweight was detected in both groups, (n = 19; 55.9%) and (n = 17; 32.1%), respectively, < 60 years and ≥ 60 years. The ≥ 60-year-old group had a high risk of developing cardiovascular episodes (p = 0.011). In the evaluation of Quality of Life, the group < 60 years old, the means of the physical (54.72±10.47), psychological (57.70±8.19) and environment (56.46±7.82) domains were higher, in relation to users aged ≥ 60 years. Conclusion: It was found that the elderly population is classified as high risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases, but has a good overall average in the assessment of Quality of Life when compared to the group <60 years old.