Formulação de sabonete líquido com extrato etanólico de frutos de Psidium guineense SW.(Araçá)

Abstract

The search for cosmetics that contain some natural active, whether a plant extract and/or an essential oil, has become increasingly frequent. Given this scenario, plant species become great allies in the search for new bioactive compounds. Among the species with potential for cosmetic uses, we have the species Psidium guineense SW., popularly known as “araçá or araçá mirim”, belonging to the Myrtaceae family. The use of Psidium guineense in cosmetic formulations is quite favorable due to the presence of a high content of vitamin C and compounds of secondary metabolism such as flavonoids, tannins and terpenes, providing antioxidant, healing and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, studies have demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of the extract of fruits and leaves of the vegetable, making it suitable for the formulation of cosmetics for cleaning purposes. Considering the above, the present study aimed to carry out the development of a liquid soap formulation with the incorporation of Psidium guineense fruit extract. In order to incorporate the Psidium guineense fruit extract in the soap formulation, 5 tests were carried out in search of the best solubilization of the extract, varying between the amount of deionized water, DMSO and a 3% ascorbic acid solution, the solution being only with 3% ascorbic acid chosen for incorporation. As for liquid soap, organoleptic (appearance, color and odor) and physicochemical (pH, viscosity and density) tests were performed. Regarding the organoleptic parameters, the soap aspect remained stable, showing no phase separation, turbidity or precipitation after analysis. Regarding the color, the soap changed from transparent to light yellow after the incorporation of the extract and there was no change in color after analysis. The control soap presented a neutral odor, and the soap with the incorporation of the extract presented a characteristic odor of the ethanolic extract of Psidium guineense fruits. The pH, an important factor in cosmetic products, was close to neutrality (6.82 ± 0.0953) and close to the skin's pH, which varies between 4.5 and 6.0. The viscosity (performed at 40ºC) presented a value of 318 centipoises and the density presented a value of 1.05 g/mL. Thus, the liquid soap presented satisfactory initial results, showing the importance of continuing this research with tests in order to evaluate the antimicrobial, antiseptic and antioxidant activities of the liquid soap.