Plantas ornamentais no semiárido brasileiro: Uma revisão

Abstract

The semi-arid region, considered by some as an administrative region and, by others, as a natural region of the Sudene coverage area occupies an area of 1,318,750 km², part of the Northeast and Southeast regions, part of the states of Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Minas Gerais and Espírito, also comprising 1,427 municipalities and part of the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Caatinga Biomes, the latter being the one with the largest territorial domain. In this region and in these biomes, hundreds of ornamental plants are found as native and inserted, which are already used in landscape projects or have high potential for doing so, and which, however, are not yet properly listed. Through a search, sorting and updating on Google Scholar/Academic, 270 citations were identified in the period from 1992 to 2021, of which a greater number was evidenced in the form of articles, including 3,604 plants distributed in 133 botanical families, 609 genera, 1,333 species, 13 subspecies, 28 varieties and 10 hybrids in addition to 199 plants without proper identification. The most cited botanical families were Fabaceae, Cactaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Malvaceae, Passifloraceae and Myrtaceae. As the most cited species among native plants Cereus jamacaru DC, Myracrodruon urundeuva (Engler) Fr. Allemão, Sarcomphalus joazeiro (Mart.) Hauenshild, Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L.P. Queiroz, Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam., Pilosocereus gounellei (F.A.C. Weber) Byles & G.D. Rowley, Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C.Sm, Erythrina velutina Willd., Passiflora edulis Sims., Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell) Brenan. Among the exotic species Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill., Mangifera indica L., Rosa spp, Annona squamosa L, Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Moc. ex DC., Nopalea cochennillifera (L.) Salm-Dick., Annona muricata L, Punica granatum L, Spondias purpurea L., Prosopis juliflora (SW) DC and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Although many of the native and exotic species are already consecrated in streets, squares, gardens and productive backyards, more technical studies are needed for the effective use of the rest in projects that meet the Xeriscape proposal or landscaping with water scarcity.