Extração da riqueza do patrimônio ambiental: um estudo das jazidas de calcário face ao desenvolvimento sustentável no município de Caaporã – PB

Abstract

This research is aimed at portraying the impact of the extraction of the wealth of the environmental patrimony, from the study of limestone deposits, in front of the economic, social and environmental development of the municipality of Caaporã, located in the State of Paraíba. The economic activity of limestone extraction uses an exhaustible natural resource, regulated by the State, considered an environmental patrimony, which generates wealth for the territory. When this economic activity is implemented, it has several economic, social and environmental impacts, mainly in the territory surrounding the deposits. The research field is the territory of the municipality of Caaporã, the object of study is the process of mineral concession and environmental licensing and the phenomenon investigated is the "development" provoked, directly and indirectly, by the mining activity of limestone extraction. It is understood that environmental licensing, as an instrument of public policy, has the purpose of analyzing the economic, social and environmental viability of the use of available natural resources, theoretically with a perspective of favoring the sustainable development of the territory. The methodology used can be classified as descriptive, with a predominantly qualitative approach. The analysis was interpretative from the data of the process of mineral concession and environmental licensing compared with indicators of economic and social development of the municipality of Caaporã. The impact of the extraction of limestone ore richness from the economic, social and environmental development of the municipality of Caaporã was portrayed by means of the evidence of the richness of extracted limestone, from the elaboration of patrimonial graphs it was verified that there was a loss of environmental patrimonial wealth delivered to private initiative. The economic importance of limestone ore has been revealed, but the direct revenue generated by the extraction to Caaporã is practically insignificant. The economic and social development was presented through performance indicators, in which an economic evolution was verified, but social development did not accompany the economic in the same proportion. Through an Environmental Impact Report, it was possible to analyze the relationship between the economic, social and environmental impacts of the limestone extraction activity, its proposed management actions towards the sustainable development of Caaporã, thus, it was presented ways of showing this relationship with greater clarity for the understanding and control of the population. From what has been described, it is understood that there was a loss of environmental patrimony wealth without an effective monitoring of the impact on the sustainable development of the municipality of Caaporã, mainly of the social dimension. Forms of information disclosure were presented in the present study, for greater control of the use of mineral resources, in favor of the environment and quality of life of the society of the territory exploited, aiming at the promotion of sustainable development.