Avaliação pós-colheita de uva BRS vitória em função de diferentes estratégias de adubação cálcica.

Abstract

Due to the supply of Brazilian grapes occurring at times of low availability in importing countries in the northern hemisphere and due to favorable conditions of light, relative humidity and temperature in the Northeast, producing up to 3 annual crops in the São Francisco Valley, the region is the second largest grape producing region in the country, accounting for 32% of Brazil's national production and more than 99% of Brazilian table grape exports.These markets value clean, intact fruit with a size, color and shape compatible with consumer requirements. Fruits that do not meet these requirements are destined for the domestic market, however, the level of losses is high, as table grapes are very susceptible to mechanical damage, which weakens or destroys the natural defenses of the plants. berries, such as the pericarp, providing favorable conditions to the attacks of microorganisms, causing a high perishability. A level of 20 to 95% of losses due to injuries to the grape is estimated, in order to cause high economic losses, which can be minimized through appropriate cultural practices, such as fertilization with Calcium. The distribution of Ca2+ in the plant favors the vegetative part, as it is transported by the xylem, being little mobile in the phloem, therefore, it is believed that the most efficient way to provide Ca would be to apply it to the soil through of fertigation, so that the soil solution can constantly supply the element to the fruits. Different sources of the same nutrient may present different responses in the same plant species, mainly due to the chemical formulation of the fertilizer, which influences its absorption and translocation in the plant. The present work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of different calcium fertilization strategies on the nutrition, production and physicochemical quality of 'Vitória' vine fruits cultivated in the Submédio São Francisco Valley. Held between December 2021 and January 2022, with the cultivation of the vine cv. BRS Vitória, in a commercial orchard of the D’Grapes farm, located in the city of Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, which consisted of five treatments with four replications, as follows: T1: absolute control (without calcium fertilization); T2: calcic foliar fertilization managed by the farm; T3: calcium fertilization via fertigation; T4: calcium fertilization via foliar; and T5: calcium fertilization via fertigation and foliar. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test (p<0.05) and the means of the treatments were compared by the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene test at 5% probability. For data analysis, the statistical software Agroestat was used. Regarding the berry firmness, the fruits submitted to the traditional management of the farm, with foliar fertilization, treatment T2, presented firmness of 0.61 N. calcium bound to polygalacturonic acid, with 3.2 mg/100g. As for the regression effects, they were not significant at the 5% probability level. So it can be concluded that the most efficient absorption of calcium occurs with fertilization via fertigation, and to reinforce the firmness of the bunches, fertilization via foliar is also necessary.