Estudo clínico, histopatológico e imunohistoquímico de lesões cutâneas de pacientes não-caucasianos portadores de psoríase vulgar e gutata do estado da Paraíba

Abstract

Psoriasis (PsO) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease characterized by proliferation of keratinocytes and formation of skin plaques. In the clinical context, this dermatosis can have different classifications due to the types of skin lesions, with the vulgaris and guttate types being the most frequent. Most studies described in the literature demonstrate different studies of the demographic profile, histological and immunological aspects of PsO, however, there is a great lack of data in non-Caucasian individuals, particularly in the Northeast region of Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical profile of non Caucasian patients with psoriatic disease treated at the reference service for diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa. In this study, the sociodemographic characteristics were described based on the patients' medical records and the analysis of 31 samples of skin tissue obtained through the biopsy blocks of individuals with psoriasis or healthy individuals of both genders. For histological analysis, different staining systems such as H&E, Masson's Trichrome and Toluidine Blue were used. While for the immunohistochemical analysis for macrophages M1 and M2 antibodies to Calprotectin and CD163 were used, respectively. The results showed that the psoriatic samples showed disorganization in the extracellular matrix, with greater collagen deposition, greater acanthosis with a discrete presence of mast cells in PsO vulgaris and a greater number of blood vessels in PsO guttate. The number of M1 macrophages was significantly higher in psoriatic tissues, while M2 macrophages was observed in the control group, processed by samples from healthy individuals. The data obtained in this study corroborates the current literature, however, additional studies are needed to better elucidate the contribution of different macrophage populations in the pathophysiology of psoriasis and their possible contribution to improving the diagnosis and therapy of the different clinical manifestations of psoriasis.