Conhecimento de puérperas sobre analgesia farmacológica do parto normal em uma maternidade pública no interior do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Abstract

The central theme of this Master's Thesis is the knowledge of parturient women in relation to pain relief during labor, as well as the association between the information they have and their shared decision regarding the type of delivery in the maternity hospital of the Ana Bezerra University Hospital (HUAB), from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The general objective of the dissertation was to evaluate the knowledge of parturients about pharmacological analgesia for vaginal birth and to develop an educational product on labor pain relief for pregnant women. The study model for the original article was descriptive and cross-sectional, with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of postpartum women attended at the HUAB maternity hospital, with data collected through direct interviews, and filling out a structured questionnaire, as well as reviewing medical records. The content of the booklet was developed from a review of the literature, the results of the field study and discussions with anesthesiologists. The results of the field research were presented in the original article under the title “Knowledge of Postpartum Women on analgesia of Normal Childbirth in Public Maternity Hospitals in the Interior of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil”. The presentation of an educational product for pregnant women was a booklet on analgesia for pain in vaginal birth under the title "Analgesia of Childbirth: Let's Know?", aimed at the target audience of pregnant women in public health services in Santa Cruz-RN, especially for the users of the HUAB/UFRN maternity hospital, and consistent with the line of research on Education and Health of the Professional Master's Degree in Family Health (PROFSAUDE). In the field study, 99 postpartum women were interviewed, whose profile consisted of young people with an average level of education, mixed race, in a consensual union, low income, without a paid occupation, non-primiparous and with prenatal care. It was observed that 78.8% had vaginal delivery and there was a statistically significant relationship between this type of vaginal delivery and higher education level, income higher than the minimum wage and paid work. It was found that only 22.2% knew about the availability of analgesia for vaginal delivery. The pregnant woman's decision about the type of delivery was also associated with the occurrence of vaginal delivery, but there was no association between knowledge of the existence of analgesia during labor in the maternity ward with the mother's decision or with the performance of vaginal delivery. Based on the study results, it was concluded that the frequency of knowledge about the availability of analgesia for childbirth was low, consistent with results from other developing countries. The decision for the normal delivery route was related to the maternal level of education, income and paid work, but it was not associated with knowledge about pain relief methods. Based on these results in the field research, an educational booklet for pregnant women on pain relief in normal childbirth was elaborated, dealing with the importance of vaginal birth, labor pain and available techniques for pain relief. Therefore, the objectives of this Dissertation were achieved.