Dieta e fatores de riscos cardiometabólicos em adolescentes: um estudo longitudinal

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the association of diet with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents from public schools in the city of João Pessoa-PB. This is a longitudinal study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits and Adolescent Health (LONCAAFS), conducted with data from two years (2014 and 2016), with 918 students from public schools, of both sexes. , aged 10 to 14 years. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, blood pressure, food consumption (through 24-hour recalls) and physical activity level (in min / day) were obtained. Logistic regression was performed to verify the longitudinal relationship of diet with the nutritional status of adolescents, and linear regression to verify the relationship of diet with variation in physical activity over the years. The sample consisted of 502 (54.7%) girls and 416 (45.3%) boys. There was a reduction in overweight between 2014 (32%) and 2016 (28.9%). Regarding the practice of physical activity, in 2014 most adolescents were considered active (53.3%) and, in 2016, this percentage dropped to 37.3%, with a higher prevalence of inactive adolescents (62.7%). It was observed that over the years boys showed a slightly higher weight gain than girls (9.96 kg, 8.66 kg, respectively), however, boys grew on average 0.14 m, and girls 0.8 m, that is, boys grew almost twice as much as girls in the analyzed time interval. Observing the transition of nutritional status over the years, it was found that most adolescents remained eutrophic (57.73%), followed by those who remained overweight or obese (23.09%). There was no statistically significant relationship between diet and nutritional status over the years. The study showed that diet had no influence on cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.