Estudo comparativo de custos diretos entre o sistema construtivo de alvenaria estrutural e paredes de concreto armado em um empreendimento do programa minha casa minha vida

Abstract

In the search for new constructive alternatives, especially in the popular building sector, where profits are quite low, non-conventional building systems have gained space in the domestic market, especially after the 2009 crisis, with the creation of the Federal Government's financing program, in an attempt to meet the housing deficit in the country, the program is called “Minha Casa Minha Vida” - PMCMV. This initiative generated a series of changes in the popular housing sector, especially after the creation of the PBQP-H (Brazilian Habitat Quality and Productivity Program), which emerged from the need to ensure greater quality control of the delivered product. Thereby, there has been an increase in the reliability of construction companies, which have been seeking construction methodologies that ensure higher production rates, lower costs and consequently satisfactory profit margins, making room for non-conventional systems. The present work analyze with two of these alternatives: structural masonry and cast-in-place reinforced concrete walls, comparing them in terms of their direct costs. The necessity on this analysis is based on the difficulty faced by construction companies in obtaining satisfactory financial results in a market with small profit margins, especially regarding to expenses directly linked to production. Therefore, a building system that presents lower direct costs, depending on the architectural proposal, is a process of extreme interest. In order to assist in the selection of the most economically advantageous option, comparative data were presented based on a survey of the direct costs for each construction alternative, and the preparation of budgets for the execution of a standard multifamily building model PMCMV with 8 apartments, two per floor. In addition, complementary analyses were made regarding the variation of direct costs with the increase in the number of housing units. The compilation of these data generated a parameterized spreadsheet that defined which building system was more interesting for the execution of a certain number of blocks with 8 apartments of the architectural model under study. Through these projections, it was possible to conclude that the adoption of structural masonry is more advantageous for up to 7 buildings, and from this number on, the cast-in-place concrete wall system should be selected, which becomes more advantageous as the number of units built increases, reaching a variation of direct costs per square meter of 65% when comparing budgets for 1 and 20 blocks with 8 apartments each, which attests to the advantages of adopting this system for the execution of large-scale housing units.