EFEITO DO SILÍCIO APLICADO VIA SEMENTES NA EMERGÊNCIA E NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE VARIEDADES DE SOJA

Abstract

Soybeans are the most produced and consumed oleaginous in the world, being necessary always to use of new techniques that maximize the production. The treatment of seeds aiming at adequate nutrition makes it possible to increase productivity, especially in regions that have mineral deficient soils and that adopt high levels of crop management technology. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of silicon on seed germination and the initial growth of soybean varieties applied to the seeds. The experiment was carried out in a setting of the Postgraduate Program in Agronomy of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba. Located in the city of Areia-PB. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, with three replications, in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with three soybean varieties (FTR 1186 IPRO = V1, FTR 1192 IPRO = V2 and FTR 3190 IPRO = V3) and five doses of silicon (0, 30, 60, 90 , And 120 g/100 kg of seeds). The source of silicon used was potassium silicate. The experimental units consisted of 5 L pots conditioned with 4.5 liters of siol. For each experimental unit six seeds were sown. After formation of the seedlings a thinning was made leaving only the most vigorous. The irrigations were conducted maintaining the soil moisture near the field capacity and the experiment was conducted during the vegetative stage of the crop. The variables analyzed were index of emergence speed, stem diameter, plant height, dry shoot and root dry mass, root diameter, root length and leaf area. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the "F" test and polynomial regression for silicon doses. The variables index of emergence velocity, stem diameter and leaf area were not significantly influenced by the applied silicon doses, presenting average values of 6.4; 3.9 mm and 374.2 cm2. For plant height and dry mass of the root, the variety V2 presented higher value, 28.5 cm and 1.7 g.plant-1. For the variables root length and root diameter, the V1 adjusted to the linear model increasing with 41.4 and 26.7% increase in relation to the higher and lower dose. As for the dry matter of the aerial part, the varieties V1 and V3 were not influenced by the doses of silicon, presenting average values of 1.8 and 1.9 g.plant-1. For V2, the minimum estimated value was 1.65 g.plant1. It is concluded that silicon does not influence seed emergence and the varieties respond differently to silicon applied via seed up to the vegetative stage 5.