O novo modelo do trabalho nas plataformas digitais: uma análise do perfil dos trabalhadores nos setores de serviços de entregas e transporte de passageiros no Brasil

Abstract

Technological transformations have provided structural changes in the capitalist system over time, changing the way contemporary society accesses markets for goods and services. However, above all, it altered the social relations of production and work in order to improve control over workers. Information technologies supported the emergence of digital platforms as an environment for a new work model. In this sense, the main objective of this work is to address the context of the work carried out through digital platforms and to analyze the profile of those workers in the sectors of delivery services and passenger transport in Brazil. The literature uses the term “uberization” of work to characterize the way workers relate to digital platforms. To understand this context, it was necessary to theoretically consider the main factors that serve as determinants of the work flexibility process and the new work modalities that develop in the digital economy, also contributing to the informalization of work. Beyond the bibliographical research on the subject of work in the digital economy and uberization, this work used secondary data provided by Ipea, based on the PNAD Contínua, and FairWork Brasil, a project based at the University of Oxford, to monitor the consequences of platform work. We sought to bring questions that characterize the profile of workers who make up the sectors of delivery service and passenger transport in Brazil, considering gender, race/color, level of education, working hours and income. Among the main results, it was shown that the dominant companies in the sector do not recognize the activities carried out by workers in order to characterize an employment relationship. In general, workers adopt an attitude of autonomy, assume the risks and costs of work and do not enjoy basic labor rights such as vacations and retirement. Therefore, the uberization of work can express a new stage in the exploitation of work managed through an algorithm and characterize the continuity of precarious work.