Ensino de matemática em escola do campo: vivências com medidas de tempo e comprimento em turma nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental

Abstract

The main objective of the research was to experience a didactic sequence with mathematics content involving concepts of time and length for a multigrade class of 4th and 5th grades of elementary school in a rural public school. Based on this theme, studies aimed at discussion were developed, focusing on curricular documents and on theorists who discuss the theme, such as; Farias, Azeredo and Rego (2016) among others. The research methodology was characterized by being an exploratory study, with an action-research nature, with qualitative analysis, with 11 students from a multigrade classroom of the 4th and 5th grade of Elementary School in the Caxitú community in a public school in the rural area of municipality of Conde, Paraíba. Investigation instruments were used, such as semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and diversified activities focused on the discussion of the theme. The study was divided into three stages: diagnostic activity, development activities and final verification, being applied between the months of April and May 2023. From the realization of the experiences, it was possible to discuss with the participants concepts involving measures and the use of instruments . The results indicated that the use of non-conventional instruments such as body parts (hands and feet) and conventional instruments (ruler, tape measure) made it possible to estimate and measure various objects, realizing the difficulty in transforming time measurements when using clocks. (digital and analog) and estimating time spent or missing in various situations presented. It was concluded that, at the end of the study, the participants expanded the concepts of Quantities and Measures, in relation to measures of time and length, as well as improved aspects of reading, attention and interpretation of small texts, reflecting better on the measures discussed in their study. everyday life, but in need of expansion in discussions involving time measurements and their transformations.