“Ouvido absoluto” em discentes de cursos superiores de música: há relação com o processamento auditivo temporal?

Abstract

Absolute Pitch is the rare ability of identify and produce musical tones, associating a name to sound frequencies without a referential. It’s a phenomenon not yet completely understood, which is the target of plenty models and theories. Objectives: check the participation of temporal auditory processing on Absolute Pitch genesis among musicians, describing the occurrence of Absolute Pitch on a population of graduation students of music. Methodology: this is a field research case-control study, with descriptive nature, transversal character and quantitative approach. The sample was chosen by application of a sociodemographic form, psychophysics test of note naming and basic audiological evaluation (audiometry). Data collect was through tests of temporal processing (Random Gap Detection Test – RGDT; Gaps in noise – GIN; Duration Pattern Sequence – DPS; e Pich Pattern Test - PPS). Results: it was found occurrence of 1.96% of musicians with Absolut Pitch according to conservative criteria, and 7.84% using most inclusive approaches. The only variables which presented significance between absolute pitch possessors and non-possessors were age of onset of formal music instruction, total period of music study in life and period of musical daily practice on last year (p<0,05). About the temporal processing evaluations, none of the tests presented significant difference between both groups of the sample. Conclusion: occurrence found is consistent with other populations described on literature. Temporal resolution and ordering abilities seem not to be involved with the development of Absolute Pitch.