Mudanças climáticas e a agenda de inovações: uma revisão sistemática da literatura brasileira sobre geração de energia alternativa

Abstract

The increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is mainly attributed to the historical over-consumption of fossil fuels, which are carbon-intensive energy sources. Given the fundamental role of energy in this context, the international climate change regime establishes the energy transition to alternative sources as a necessary way of mitigating the effects of climate change. The complex and interconnected nature of these problems requires the coordination of actors in a National System of Innovation (NSI) capable of stimulating and endorsing the development of innovations that support the environmental commitments made internationally. The aim of this study was to identify the adherence of Brazilian scientific production on alternative energies, in the areas of social sciences and engineering, to the climate change and innovation agendas. The analysis was conducted from the perspective of evolutionary economics and methodologically using scientific mapping techniques, through a Systematic Review of Literature (SRL), which resulted in 47 articles for analysis. Among the various results of the research, it is valid to highlight that although the Brazilian scientific production before and after 2015, the year the Paris Agreement was signed, did not differ significantly in absolute terms, in relative terms the number of studies dealing with climate change doubled from one period to the other, with a substantive complexification of the agenda. With regard to the innovation agenda, less than a third of the articles dealt qualitatively with the subject, although the majority were at least indirectly inserted in a context of innovative knowledge production, with the state as the actor most involved in the process of promoting basic scientific research in the sector.