Caracterização e manejo dos quintais agroflorestais por mulheres da floricultura no brejo paraibano

Abstract

Agroforestry Backyards - QAFs are agroforestry systems, which can be characterized by the union between plant and animal species in space. These systems have been widely idealized and created since the beginning of subsistence agricultural practice and later family marketing. In this sense, women have stood out in the management and protagonism in these systems, which are so close to the concepts of residence and family nucleus. The aim of this research was to understand the management carried out by women included in the Local Productive Arrangement of Brejo Paraibano Floriculture in QAFs. The study carried out is qualitative in nature and its public is made up of women participating in the Flores na Paraíba project, who make up the Local Productive Arrangement of Floriculture. The socioeconomic aspects that involve the management of 12 (twelve) production units in the municipalities of Areia, Borborema and Sawmill, located in the marshland of Paraíba, with 3 (three) QAFs chosen to study management,soil health and ethnobotanical diagnosis. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied and chemical, physical and biological analyzes were carried out, in the latter the indices of richness (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity (H´) and Pielou evenness (J´), in order to analyze the conservation of biodiversity in QAF soils from this perspective. The Index of Soil Quality - IQS. For the ethnobotanical diagnosis, a survey of the plant species, using the guided tour method, the species were classified according to with the relative frequency, use and type, then the richness indices (S) were calculated,Shannon-Wiener diversity (H´) and Pielou equitability (J´). Women have good perception about the soils of their QAFs, and carry out the practice of composting, fertilizing organic material originating from the use of cattle manure and soil cover with cultural residues in these spaces. The strata in which women take on the leading role in management obtained the best chemical, physical and biological indicators, as well as the highest IQS. However, in QAF III, an exception was observed, which may be related, among other issues, to the women's educational level and the lack of basic sanitation in the municipality. In QAFs good indicators of richness (S), diversity (H´) and equitability (J´) of the plant species. Ornamental species prevailed in the 3 (three) quintas, being the factor strong commercialization responsible for the increase in species richness and empowerment female through the generation of income for the family nucleus.