Botânica no ensino médio: uma revisão bibliográfica acerca dos métodos aplicados ao ensino-aprendizagem

Abstract

Many studies have emphasized the importance of teaching botany in secondary education, but the approach to this content remains a challenge for most educators. This is due to the perception that botany is complex and not very engaging for students. To tackle this issue, methods that promote a connection with everyday life and student involvement are essential for achieving meaningful learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the methodologies used to teach botany in Brazilian public schools, through a literature review using qualitative, quantitative and descriptive approaches. Twelve articles were selected from 11 journals, in which the teaching methods were identified and categorized as: lectures, practical classes, discussions, excursions, simulations, individualized instruction and projects. Of the eight teaching methods investigated, five were found to occur: lectures, practical classes, discussions, excursions and simulations. The results show that practical lessons and lectures are the most common approaches, present in 100% and 91.7% of the articles, respectively. Discussions accounted for 33.3%, excursions for 25.0% and simulations for 16.7%. Combinations of didactic modalities were frequent and successful in the teaching-learning process. The lecture was mainly used as an introduction to the topics in conjunction with other modalities. Demonstrations, individualized instruction and projects were not found in the articles analyzed. These studies were published in journals classified by Qualis/CAPES in categories ranging from A1 to C, including non-qualified journals. This literature review is relevant for high school biology teachers, highlighting the importance of adapting different teaching methods to ensure effective and meaningful learning, with an emphasis on contextualization and student involvement in the teaching of botany. In this way, educators can promote a stimulating and relevant learning environment, enabling students to explore the fascinating world of Botany in a more engaging and accessible way.