Fauna edáfica e atributos químicos do solo sob diferentes manejos culturais

Abstract

Soil quality is defined by its ability to develop its functions, within the limits of each ecosystem. The aim of this research was to evaluate the chemical and fertility properties of the soil and the structure of the soil fauna community in different cultural management systems, in the Agriculture sector and in the Goat pasture of the Center for Human, Social and Agricultural Sciences. The work was carried out in 2022 and 2023, in the dry and rainy seasons, and the used areas for the research were: coffee consortium with Gliricidia sepium, citrus and coconut orchard, mandala and goat farming pasture. In all systems, six simple soil samples were collected to form a composite sample at a depth of 0-0.20 m to determine the chemical and fertility characteristics of the soil. To collect soil fauna, six PROVID type fall traps were installed in each area, remaining in the field for 72 hours. The data from the soil samples were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. To assess the diversity of soil fauna, the Shannon diversity index (H’), Pielou Equability (J’) and Simpson diversity index (C) were used. There was a significant difference between the areas in relation to the chemical attributes of the soil. The coffee and Gliricidia sepium consortium presented higher average values of the (C) and (H’) indices in relation to the other areas, regardless of the analyzed period. However, when comparing the evaluation periods, the dry period showed higher means of (C) and (H') in the areas of the coffeeconsortium, pasture and orchard in relation to the rainy period. The adopted cropping systems by the Agriculture sector and Goat pasture exerted significant influences on all chemical attributes of soil quality. The Collembola order represented 48.27% of the individuals identified in the two years of evaluation. The diversity of soil fauna was bigger in the area of the coffee consortium with Gliricidia sepium, regardless of the evaluation period. The dry period gave a bigger diversity of soil fauna. Collembola was the order with the biggest similarity in the studied areas.