A geometria experimental no ensino fundamental: desenvolvendo atividades para discussão de figuras planas com uso de tecnologia

Abstract

The present work aims to develop a didactic sequence that discusses the use of technology to develop flat figure activities in an 8th year elementary school class at a public school in the city of Igaracy, Paraíba. The study was based on Van Hielle's conceptions, also relying on theorists such as Lorenzato (1995), Nasser; Santanna (1997) and Peters (et al., 2023). By engaging in tasks that involve drawing, measuring, constructing, and transforming figures, students develop spatial visualization and critical thinking skills. Experimental geometry not only facilitates the learning of geometric concepts, but also promotes a deeper and contextualized understanding, allowing students to build knowledge in an active and participatory way. The study methodology was characterized by being exploratory in nature, with the research being carried out with 34 students participating in an 8th year elementary school class at a public school in the municipality of Igaracy, from April to May 2024. The study was organized in three stages: diagnosis, conceptual discussion and final verification. In the research, two questionnaires were applied, the first, in the diagnostic stage, aimed to identify the students' relationship with the subject of Mathematics as well as the use of technology in mathematics classes. The second questionnaire was carried out in the final verification stage in order to compare the students' evolution regarding the plane geometry concepts discussed. In the discussion stage, a didactic sequence was prepared and applied, lasting five days, composed of diversified activities in tasks involving the identification, classification and differentiation of flat geometric figures and the use of Geogebra software. The results indicate that the activities provided conceptual acquisition and understanding of the discussions in the experiments developed, involving the participants' understanding of the characteristics of flat figures. It was concluded that the use of technological instruments, such as the Geogebra application, facilitates the conceptual understanding of participants in the discussion of geometry.