Avaliação do impacto do Covid-19 na saúde indígena

Abstract

Covid-19 has had a significant impact on populations, including indigenous peoples, who are suffering a historic struggle against genocide, their ancestry, culture, territory and the search for their rights. Evidence shows that pandemics behave severely in indigenous peoples; the social factor, the diversity of forms of organization, the process of physical and cultural changes are determining factors in the presentation of greater biological vulnerability. Indigenous health still follows a dynamic and complex scenario that has changed over the years, but requires more attention. Monitoring this process in these populations represents a major challenge in the implementation of notifications, the lack of disaggregation of data and possible failures in the inclusion of systems, contribute to ruptures in the detailed dimension caused in indigenous people, where it is possible through epidemiological data to play an auxiliary role in the construction and implementation of public policies. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on indigenous peoples in Brazil's Special Indigenous Health Districts. This research is twofold: chapter 1 refers to an integrative review of the scientific literature on the impact of COVID-19 on the indigenous population, and chapter 2 is a descriptive, quantitative, longitudinal, ecological study, based on an epidemiological survey of data, as well as the use of theoretical references on Human Infection by the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Indigenous Peoples. The data was extracted from the database of the Indigenous Health Care Information System (SIASI), which was organized and tabulated using Microsoft Excel®. The review, although integrative, used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) as a parameter, indicating 504 results found in the databases, where after reviewing 10 duplicates were found, and 27 were selected for full reading, with 7 being chosen after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. To systematize the data, rates of confirmed COVID-19 cases, lethality and mortality were obtained using numbers software and IBM SPSS Statistic version 28. The graphs were constructed using the free statistical software R. By the end of 2022, the novel coronavirus pandemic had resulted in 852 deaths and 73,589 cases across the territory covered by the DSEIs, which in 2020 covered 780,425 people in all Brazilian regions. The data analyzed could help determine epidemiological patterns, providing the necessary support to measure the real impact of Covid-19 on indigenous peoples, as well as effective health barrier measures. The state of the art of the scientific literature on the novel coronavirus pandemic in indigenous peoples makes explicit the need to break the invisibility of our native peoples, both in relation to their rights and public policies, as well as the need for scientific production that meets the demands of the Brazilian indigenous population.