Uma análise das técnicas de recuperação de áreas degradadas e sua viabilidade no semiárido do Brasil

Abstract

The removal of vegetation for pasture formation, agricultural exploration or general purpose engineering works is the first step towards a desertification process, which not only has impacts on the flora, fauna and soil of an area, but also involves economic and social aspects. and cultural, with loss or reduction of natural resources, reduction of production and living conditions, and the consequent exodus of the rural population. In Brazil, there is a tendency for aridity to increase, especially in the semi-arid northeast. The Caatinga, considered the most biodiverse biome among the semi-arid biomes on the planet, with only 1% of its area covered with integral conservation, has had part of its extension transformed into desertified areas due to human actions. Much work has been developed by the international community in the search for solutions that can reverse this scenario, with techniques that enable the recovery of areas that have undergone an environmental degradation process. These are solutions that vary according to the availability of resources and specificities. This research analyzed techniques that have been used in various parts of the world in the recovery of degraded areas, their characteristics, means used and the results obtained. A comprehensive bibliographical search was carried out exclusively over the Internet without any temporal filter, as it was desired to search for all publications that made references to the topic, as well as there was no geographical limitation, as the greater the diversity of socio-political and cultural contexts, the richer it would be the search result. The main focus was the viability of these techniques in the Brazilian semi-arid region, especially in the Caatinga. The results showed that some were effective, but costly and dependent on water resources that are scarce in the region. Others require few financial and material resources, but the period to present results is long. There are also those that show promise, but still have gaps that deserve investigation or even testing in the semi-arid northeast.