Promoção de saúde no trabalho: o ponto de vista dos profissionais da gestão de recursos humanos

Abstract

This thesis presents a qualitative study whose general objective is to understand, from the point of view of human resources management professionals, the possibilities of building health promotion actions at work. To this end, the following specific objectives were stipulated: investigate the factors that trigger mental illness within organizations and the challenges for HRM to develop efficient actions aimed at health at work; analyze the implications of the role of an organizational psychologist on mental health practices at work; Identify the contributions of ergonomics to health actions in HRM subsystems based on scientific literature; and, understand the changes in mental health actions resulting from the COVID 19 pandemic period. The research used different methodologies, namely, a systematic review of the literature with publications between 2001 and 2021 in the Scopus database using the PRISMA Protocol; a case study using the doppelganger instruction technique and qualitative field research, with a non experimental design and descriptive and exploratory character with the participation of 20 HRM professionals from all over Brazil. Individual semi-structured interviews were used. The information was analyzed through thematic content analysis with the theoretical assistance of Ergonomics, Work Psychodynamics and Activity Clinic. The thesis is structured into four articles. The first presented factors that generate illness in the dynamics of relationships at work and present challenges for health promotion, namely: lack of financial investment; separation of functions aimed at occupational health from HRM demands; lack of consistency in practices, the need to take care of a department that is ill. The second article identifies legalistic and operational actions in mental health that, despite positively impacting people's lives, lack strategic value. Furthermore, activity impediments are perceived due to the pressure to show competence in a scenario of overload and difficulties in communicating with management. The third article analyzes what was found in the literature in each HRM subsystem, indicating the contributions of ergonomics to the prevention of workplace accidents and pointing out possibilities for future studies that promote greater rapprochement between the fields. The results of the fourth article on changes in health actions during the pandemic show that there was the development and approval of emergency projects in the online model and initiatives to hire psychologists in organizations, but also point to masks of the intensification of the social precariousness of work. This study was supported by all ethical requirements for research with human beings (resolution 466/12). The results of these studies show that the actions did not sufficiently stimulate the formation of spaces for deliberation that would strengthen a collective capable of protecting the mental health of workers, but rather an attribution of legalistic actions, in compliance with legal norms. The research receives the contribution of theoretical approaches from the activity clinic that allow the rethinking of the theories and practices of work and organizational psychology through the creation of reflective spaces that promote a balance between subjectivity, knowledge and practices of the profession.