A redação do ENEM como um mecanismo de política linguística: um estudo de materiais do ensino médio

Abstract

The National High School Examination (ENEM), created in 1998, came with the aim of bringing a panorama of the reality of Basic Education in Brazil. For eleven years, ENEM remained with this objective, but in 2009 its structure, as well as its function was expanded. That year, in addition to revealing High School face, ENEM became one of the main instruments of accessing Higher Education, supplanting a large part of the traditional vestibular. After this change, the exam gained an important place within Brazilian schools, as it also became the study object of many researches (GOMES, 2013; VINCENTINI, 2015; RESENDE, 2016). Considering this exam relevance, the present work focuses on the writing test with the objective of investigating Enem Writing Test as a device capable of interfering in the selection of the activities of textual production in high school textbooks. To meet this goal, we have selected a collection approved by the National Textbook Plan (PNLD), titled "Contemporary Portuguese: Dialogue, Use and Reflection", by Saraiva. In the collection, we have selected the textual production activities suggested in the sections "Time of Writing" and "Inside Enem and other vestibular" and the thematic project “Enem Preliminary Test -The writing in examination". The data obtained from these sections were interpreted in the light of Language Policy, more specifically, in the notion of mechanisms by Shohamy (2006), because for the author there are mechanisms capable of promoting linguistic policies, in which language tests are understood as one of these devices. After the qualitative analysis of the data, we concluded that Enem Writing Test acts as a mechanism within the analyzed work, however this action occurs differently in the three volumes. In volume three, Enem Writing Test acts expressively, whereas in the first two volumes the performance happens in relation to themes which were already present in Enem writing test.