Clusters agropecuários e as emissões de gases de efeito estufa nos municípios da região nordeste: uma perspectiva espacial

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to diagnose the activity understood as agriculture and livestock farming, as well as its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions in the Northeast region. To this end, the methodology used in the research was descriptive and exploratory analysis of spatial data. In the Exploratory Analysis of Spatial Data (AEDE), two formal tests were used: the Global Moran's I, whose purpose is to determine whether there is any spatial association in the emission of greenhouse gases in the municipalities of the Northeast region; and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA), which aims to verify the existence of spatial agglomerations (clusters) or atypical locations (outliers). As a result, it was obtained that the agricultural sector is one of the sectors that emits the most greenhouse gases in the Northeast, with Maranhão and Bahia standing out as the states that emitted the most greenhouse gases in this region. The Moran scatter plot showed that there is spatial autocorrelation in greenhouse gas emissions from municipalities in the Northeast region, while LISA showed where positive and negative spatial associations are locally concentrated, as well as other types of spatial association. Regarding clusters, the main foci of High-High agglomerations occurred in the states of Maranhão and Bahia, while those of the Low-Low type did not have a specific focus of agglomeration, being distributed among the states of the Northeast region.