Impacto do consumo materno do óleo da castanha do pará (bertholletia excelsa) sobre o comportamento de ansiedade e peroxidação lipidica cerebral na prole de ratas

Abstract

Maternal consumption of essential fatty acids is considered critical for structural lipid synthesis of membranes, fetal growth and cell function during the early stage of life. Their food deprivation can induce anxiety disorders and increase the brain's vulnerability to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maternal consumption, of crude and refined Brazil nut oil, during pregnancy and lactation on the anxiety behavior and cerebral lipid peroxidation of the offspring of rats. Primiparous females were used to obtain the young. The chicks were divided into six groups, three with male chicks and three with female chicks: control (CG-M and CG-F) - treated with distilled water; crude oil (CO-M and CO-F) and refined oil (RO-M and RO-F) both treated with 3000 mg of oil / kg of animal weigh. These diets have been offered to mothers since the 7th day of pregnancy and throughout lactation. Only the mother rats received the treatment. The verification of anxiety parameters was observed in the offspring during adolescence and the Elevated plus maze (EPM), Open field (OF) and Light-dark box (LDB) were used. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the puppies' brain, liver and heart. The data were analyzed by Anova, followed by a Tukey multiple-band test and the two-way test (p <0.05). As a result, it was observed that the RO-M / RO-F groups had a greater number of entries in the open arms and the head dive (p <0.05) in the EPM, the CO-F and RO-F groups spent more time in the arms open, the RO-M group spent more time compared to the other groups (p <0.05). In OF there was a greater locomotion in groups CO-M / CO-F and RO-M / RO-F (p <0.05), the number of rearing was higher in RO-M / RO-F compared to control and groups CO-M / CO-F (p <0.05) obtained a greater number of rearing compared to the other groups, the groups CO-M / CO-F and RO-M / RO-F (p <0.05) performed less grooming. In the LDB, the time in the clear and the number of transitions were higher in the CO-M / CO-F and RO-M / RO-F groups. With regard to sex, females had a longer time in the open arms of the EPM, moved more in the OF and spent more time in the clear area of the LDB compared to the males. There was a lower concentration of tissue MDA in both males and females (p < 0.05). It has been shown that maternal supplementation with crude and refined Brazil nut oil during pregnancy and lactation promoted an anxiolytic effect on offspring, especially in females, and prevented cerebral lipid peroxidation.