O Parque Estadual das Trilhas e os impactos ambientais da implantação do Polo Turístico Cabo Branco

Abstract

Conservation Units are extremely important for the preservation of biodiversity, allowing the dissemination of fauna and flora species from a given place. UCs also offer ecosystem services for human well-being and allow man to live harmoniously with nature through sustainable practices. With the creation of SNUC – National System of Conservation Units by Law No. 9,985 of July 18, 2000, Brazil began to worry about protecting ecosystems and preserving natural resources. SNUC divides Conservation Units into two distinct groups: Full Protection Units and Sustainable Use Units. It has 12 categories where each of them has its own characteristics. The protected areas of Conservation Units are at federal, state and municipal levels that are supervised and managed by the Ministry of the Environment. State Parks are public parks open to people to visit, but following standards aimed at environmental education and also accessible for scientific research. In 2017, the current Trilhas State Park was created by State Decree No. 37,653, which was the junction of the Mata do Jacarapé, Five Rivers Trails and Mata do Aratu state parks and has an area of 578,548 ha and does not have a Management Plan, making it difficult for the State to zon its area. The existing conflicts between the residents of the community of Praia do Jacarapé and the Cabo Branco Tourist Center are the result of urban expansion and tourism The transformations of geographic space and socio-environmental inequalities are the empirical basis of this study It is based on qualitative research, bibliographical and documentary research. The survey of environmental impacts was carried out using the Check List method through the fieldwork research report. The use of geoprocessing resources, such as Google Earth Pro and Google Maps programs in characterizing the Park and Tourist Hub area and creating a cartographic product. The objective of this work is to identify the socio-environmental impacts of the implementation of the Cabo Branco Tourist Center in the Trails State Park. In this way, understanding environmental impacts, the importance of ecosystem services and the analysis of urban conflicts will contribute to the importance and appreciation of the Park and continuous environmental awareness. The process of development of the urban fabric around the Parque Estadual das Trails, and the possible negative effects of human action caused by the implementation of the Tourist Center are the causes of the conflicts between the residents of the community of Praia de Jacarapé and the Cabo Branco Tourist Center, which are the result of urban expansion and tourism. Agents transforming space in the city of João Pessoa modify the relationship between man and nature, contributing to the increase in environmental problems, with a focus on suppressing vegetation in the Atlantic Forest biome.