Sistema compacto de tratamento de água superficial: construção, avaliação operacional e estudo do desempenho

Abstract

The availability of drinking water is a growing concern in many parts of the world, including Brazil, where socioeconomic and regional inequalities intensify the difficulty in accessing treated water. The lack of quality water is directly linked to the contamination and spread of waterborne diseases, such as diarrhea, cholera, and hepatitis. In this context, compact water treatment systems emerge as viable and adaptable solutions, capable of improving the quality of life in communities with deficient infrastructure. This study aimed to develop a compact water treatment system, consisting of the stages of pre-oxidation, coagulation, filtration, adsorption in activated carbon, and disinfection with ozone. The study water was collected from the Mandacaru River, located in the city of João Pessoa-PB. Samples of the raw water and after each stage of treatment were collected, and physicochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the removal of color and turbidity, and microbiological analyses, focusing on the inactivation of total coliforms and E. coli. The results demonstrated a maximum efficiency of 98% in the removal of apparent color and turbidity, with pretreatment with NaClO and Al₂(SO₄)₃ standing out as the most effective step for these parameters. Microbiological analyses revealed the total inactivation of microorganisms in two experimental conditions. The results confirm that the developed system, starting from raw water, originally classified as Class 3, but with high contamination, was able to meet the potability standards for water established by Ordinance GM/MS No. 888/2021.