Gerenciamento de resíduos classe I provenientes da manutenção de coberturas prediais: estudo de caso no Campus I da UFPB

Abstract

The management of hazardous waste (Class I) poses significant challenges for public institutions, particularly in the context of building maintenance, which often involves materials with high risks to human health and the environment. In Brazil, hazardous waste management is regulated by the National Solid Waste Policy (Law No. 12.305/2010) and technical standards such as ABNT NBR 10004:2024, which defines classification criteria, and ABNT NBR 12235:1992, which provides guidelines for safe and environmentally appropriate storage. This study aimed to analyze the waste management system at Campus I of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), focusing on Class I waste generated during roof maintenance, including asbestos-cement tiles and aluminum-coated asphalt membranes. The analysis covered the entire waste management process—from generation to final disposal—through the evaluation of institutional documents (MTRs, control spreadsheets, and disposal certificates), technical visits, and quantitative data collection. The study found that 134.24 tons of Class I waste were generated between 2023 and 2024, all of which were sent to a sanitary landfill. Weaknesses were identified in waste segregation and storage, along with the absence of a specific management plan for hazardous waste. Based on the findings, the study presents proposals to improve the management system, emphasizing legal compliance, occupational safety, and sustainability. The approach adopted here may support the enhancement of practices in other public higher education institutions facing similar challenges.