Avaliação do potencial simbiótico in vitro do nutracêutico formulado com Limosilactobacillus Fermentum, quercetina e resveratrol sobre a composição e atividade metabólica da microbiota intestinal de indivíduos saudáveis e com hipertensão arterial

Abstract

The bidirectional relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and arterial hypertension has been described. For this reason, improving intestinal health has been suggested as a health-promoting and treatment strategy for hypertension. More recently, the ingestion of the symbiotic product formulated with strains of Limosilactobacillus (L.) fermentum 139, 263 and 296 and with prebiotic phenolics, quercetin and resveratrol, represents an alternative that possibly modulates the intestinal microbiota, capable of benefiting general health and blood pressure control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the symbiotic potential of the product composed of the mix of strains of L. fermentum 139, 263 and 296, quercetin and resveratrol on the microbiological diversity and composition and production of metabolites in fecal inoculum of healthy patients and those with arterial hypertension. For this purpose, a nutraceutical product composed of strains of L. fermentum 139, 263 and 296 lyophilized with FOS (200 mg), added with quercetin (160 mg) and resveratrol (150 mg) (LfQR) was prepared, which was exposed to simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Subsequently, 4 in vitro colonic fermentation media were prepared: i) Fecal inoculum with feces from healthy individuals and microbial growth medium (CTL); ii) Fecal inoculum with feces from healthy individuals, microbial growth medium and LfQR (CTL+LfQR); iii) Fecal inoculum with feces from hypertensive individuals and microbial growth medium (HTN); iiii) Fecal inoculum with feces from hypertensive individuals, microbial growth medium and LfQR (HTN+LfQR). Then, the diversity, richness and relative abundance of intestinal bacterial populations and production of metabolites present in the in vitro colonic media after 48h of fermentation were evaluated. The CTL+LfQR and HTN+LfQR media, compared to CTL and HTN, respectively, presented lower alpha diversity and the HTN+LfQR medium, compared to HTN, presented lower microbiological richness. A higher relative abundance of bacteria present in the phylum Proteobacteria, in the family Entobactericeae and in the genera Escherichia-shigella and Klebisiella, was observed in the media with nutraceuticals, compared to CTL and HTN, respectively. A lower relative abundance of the commensal phylum Bacteroidota, of the family Bacteroideceae and of the genus Bacteroides, was also observed in both media with nutraceuticals, compared to CTL and HTN media. The media with nutraceuticals showed a higher relative abundance of bacterial communities producing short-chain fatty acids, with a higher abundance of bacteria from the Ruminococcaeae and Bifidubacteriaceae families and the Feacalibacterium genus in the CTL+LfQR medium compared to CTL, and a higher abundance of the Lachnospiraceae family and the Lachnospirales genus in the HTN+LfQR medium compared to HTN. In addition, the CTL+LfQR and HTN+LfQR media showed a higher content of sugars (maltose, fructose and glucose), lactic acid, ethanol, succinic acid and acetic acid, compared to CTL and HTN media (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. The presence of the nutraceutical in the media was effective in modulating the composition and parameters linked to the microbial metabolic activity present in the fecal microbiota of healthy and hypertensive individuals during an in vitro colonic fermentation. However, due to the heterogeneity of the results, it is too early to determine whether the effects on host health are beneficial or not, and further studies are needed to clarify this result.