Fatores que influenciam o desenvolvimento da linguagem oral na primeira infância

Abstract

Introduction: Oral language development in early childhood is a multifaceted process essential for the formation of cognitive, social, and emotional skills that last throughout life. However, certain risk factors can affect the acquisition and development of this ability. Objectives: Article 1 aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral language complaints among children enrolled in Municipal Early Childhood Education Centers (CMEI) in a northeastern capital, seeking to understand the factors that may influence this scenario. Article 2 aimed to map the non-biological factors that influence oral language development. Method: The first article is a cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive, and field study with a qualitative-quantitative approach. The research was conducted at CMEIs in João Pessoa, PB, from April 2023 to December 2023, after approval by the Ethics Committee under opinion no. 6.018.552. A total of 140 guardians of children aged between one and a half to three years enrolled in CMEIs participated. The second article is a scoping review conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines and written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis - extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA- ScR) recommendations. Results: The first article reported that 43% of participants had some type of language complaint, with speech delay (80%) being the most mentioned, and the majority of this sample (53%) had a family history of difficulties in this area. The second article demonstrated that risk factors such as social vulnerability, low- income environments, and low parental education levels can impair language development. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a significant prevalence of complaints related to oral language development in preschoolers and that non- biological aspects influence the acquisition and development of this ability.