Uma leitura de Mindfulness sob a perspectiva dos exercícios espirituais gregos e do Yoga clássico

Abstract

The present research was intended as a reading of Mindfulness in the eyes of Greek thought, through the ethical foundations and spiritual exercises of the Epicurean and Stoicist schools, as well as classical Yoga, by two of its members: yamas and niyamas. With the hypothesis: It is possible to relate Mindfulness with the spiritual exercises of ancient philosophy and with the eastern practices of classical Yoga, with regard to the ethical character proposed by these traditions, the work had, as a general objective, to investigate, for through discourse analysis, interviews with Mindfulness facilitators, seeking to establish a relationship with spiritual exercises in ancient Greek philosophy and with the eastern practices of classical Yoga. To carry out this work, classical Yoga, its foundations and members were presented, as well as the schools of the Hellenistic period, namely, the Epicurean and the Stoicist, and their ethical foundations, towards the search for tranquility of the soul and its exercises. spiritual. Through the contextualization of PICS and the practice of meditation, Mindfulness, its history, its foundations, MBSR and its practices were explored. After a bibliographic survey, field research was carried out, with open interviews with Mindfulness facilitators and the interviewees' speech was examined through discourse analysis, seeking to establish relationships (mainly through an ethical bias) between Mindfulness and the Eastern knowledge in the tradition of classical Yoga and Western philosophy (Epicureanism and Stoicism), in the practices of spiritual exercises. The development of this research allowed us to conclude that it is possible to establish a relationship between Mindfulness and the elements of Yoga and the teachings of Hellenistic schools, whether in the adoption of asanas and some elements of yama and niyama; be it in the search for the adoption of a more peaceful way of living, in examining oneself, in the practice of constant and reflected attention, based on reason, in the control of passions, in dealing with the adversities that appear in daily life, exhorted by the epicures and stoicists, which is confirmed by the exposition of the foundations of the system and the speech of the interviewees, whether through personal reports, through reports from their clients/students/patients, or through their training. Another important factor confirmed by the development of the research is the ethical nature, which cannot be considered as something “implicit” in the teachings of Mindfulness, as a care therapy. As a practice within the scope of PICS, Mindfulness helps not only in the management of illness and health states, having an important component with regard to adopting a life based on ethics and internal relationships, of the individual with himself who slips in external relations, with society.