Análise do potencial bioenergético animal brasileiro a partir da avaliação de biodigestão

Abstract

Biomass, organic matter from animals, plants and algae, can be used to obtain biofuels, such as biogas, bioethanol, low-carbon hydrogen and others. The objective of this research was to analyze the disposition, potential and sustainability of the energy production of animal biomass through anaerobic digestion. In this work, we seek to present the conditions of animal bioenergy in four chapters. In the first, the animal bioenergetic potential (animal manure biogas) between the years 2000 and 2020 in the Brazilian state of Paraíba was estimated. The results showed that potentially the cattle herd can make up 75% of the technical potential to generate electricity, equivalent enough to supply the entire state residential sector in 2020. The second chapter analyzes the spatial and locational presence of the bioenergy potential in municipalities, immediate and intermediate regions. It was observed that Paraíba potentially has an average annual generation of 31.3 PJ, with the immediate region of Campina Grande being the most significant. The third chapter presents a bibliometric review in search of new perspectives for the use of biomass, such as the production of green hydrogen from it. The expansion of these most recent research has been growing considerably year after year and indicates a path of coupling processes for the production of biogas and green hydrogen as an efficient means. The fourth work simulates technical, financial and environmental feasibility scenarios for the installation of a pig herd with a view to bioenergy production in the municipality of Pedras de Fogo-PB. The results showed that 1,621 pigs are sufficient for the technical, financial and environmental viability of the business. The simulation showed that this herd has the potential to treat 76.34 m³ of livestock waste; generate 1.26 GWh/year of electricity and perform a potential savings/sale of R$ 337,559.91 per year, with a Payback of 2 years and 10 months. From this research, interest in bioeconomic vocations can be fostered, as well as pointing to opportunities in agriculture and technological arrangements in rural communities, strengthening the local economy. Thus, this work seeks to highlight possible and sustainable scenarios to produce electricity and biofuels.