Condição nutricional de gestantes com diabetes mellitus gestacional atendidas em um hospital universitário

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a common chronic disease in pregnancy that affects millions of women worldwide. It is defined by hyperglycemia detected for the first time during pregnancy. Considering the risks that GDM can cause to the mother and baby and the increase in overweight/obesity and poor nutrition in society, this study aimed to describe and evaluate the clinical and nutritional aspects of pregnant women with GDM treated at a University Hospital, and more specifically, to evaluate the pre-gestational nutritional status, perform an anthropometric assessment of pregnant women and analyze biochemical parameters of importance for nutrition. This is an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study with a quantitative and qualitative approach, in order to evaluate pregnant women with GDM. Fifty pregnant women who had only GDM and were of legal age participated in the study. Data collection was done through interviews, analysis of the users' medical records and measurement of anthropometric measurements. The interview addressed parameters regarding their lifestyle, family history of chronic diseases and sociodemographic aspects that are part of their daily lives. Biochemical data and pre-pregnancy weight were collected from the medical records. The participating women had a standard deviation of +/- 32 years, and it was found that GDM was more prevalent among those aged 29 to 31 years. Most of the pregnant women were overweight or obese before conception and had gained a total weight outside the recommended parameters. Regarding the biochemical tests, changes in blood count, total cholesterol and triglycerides were observed. Most presented glycemic control. Therefore, it is necessary for pregnant women to be nutritionally monitored from pre-conception, so that they can make changes in their lifestyle and have a safer pregnancy.