Substituição do fosfato bicálcico e farinha de carne e ossos por blend de enzimas e ácidos orgânicos em dietas de galinhas poedeiras

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of an additive, based on enzymes and organic acids, associated with the reduction of meat and bone meal and dicalcium phosphate, in laying hen diets. 320 Hy-Line light laying hens with 44 weeks of age were used. The experiment lasted four periods of 28 days. A completely randomized design was adopted with 5 treatments and 8 replications of 8 birds each. Three diets were formulated: 1AD, without meat and bone meal and dicalcium phosphate and with 1% of the additive; 100FCO, without additive and without dicalcium phosphate, but with free use of meat and bone meal; and 100FB, without additive and without meat and bone meal, but with free use of dicalcium phosphate. The 100FCO and 100FB diets were reformulated in 50% of the use of meat and bone meal and dicalcium phosphate, respectively, and supplemented with 0.05% of the additive, forming the 0.5AD50FCO and 0.5AD50FB treatments. The additive added to the diets is a blend of enzymes and organic acids in the following composition: fumaric acid (59.70g/kg), citric acid (59.40g/kg), phytase (1,200U/g), protease (4,000U/g). g) and xylanase (1,000U/g). Zootechnical performance, egg quality, egg shelf life, viability and bone quality were evaluated. The zootechnical performance was evaluated from egg production, egg weight, feed intake, egg mass, and feed conversion per dozen and per egg mass. In terms of egg quality, the percentages of yolk, albumen and shell, shell thickness, specific gravity, yolk color and Haugh Unit were evaluated. In the evaluation of shelf life, the same quality evaluations as above were carried out on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of storage. The economic analysis was performed based on the cost of feed, dozen eggs, cost of feed per dozen eggs, gross revenue, gross margin and relative gross margin. In the bone analyses, the Seedor index, bone strength and mineral matter, calcium and phosphorus and calcium:phosphorus ratio were measured. The results were submitted to ANOVA and the means were compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability. The tested additive obtained high production percentages, not differing from the 100FB and 100FCO treatments, it promoted a lower feed intake, better feed conversion indices. The percentage of bark was higher in 0.5AD50FB. The albumen percentage value was higher for the 100FB treatment, however it did not differ from the treatments that contained the additives. The Haugh unit, as well as the percentage of albumen, was higher in the 100FB treatment, however it did not differ in the treatment with the additive alone and with the additive associated with dicalcium phosphate. Meat and bone meal treatments had the worst Haugh unit results. Time reduced shell thickness, shell percentage, albumen percentage, Haugh unit, specific gravity and yolk color, and increased yolk percentage, which resulted in poorer egg quality. However, when evaluating the 1AD treatment, it was observed that the additive provided better quality eggs when compared to other treatments. 1AD provided a gross margin 16.76 and 10.05% higher than 100FB and 100FCO, respectively. 1AD provided improvements in bone strength and in the Seedor index and increased mineral matter and phosphorus torques. It is concluded that the inclusion of 1.0 kg/ton of the additive based on enzymes and organic acids can replace dicalcium phosphate and meat and bone meal in diets for laying hens, in a viable way and without compromising the production, quality of eggs and bone, in addition to promoting a better shelf life.