Gestão da mobilidade urbana: um estudo de caso na cidade de João Pessoa sob a ótica dos usuários e planejadores do sistema de transportes

Abstract

Urban mobility relates to the movement of people, whether motorized or not, and is of paramount importance for the urban and sustainable development of cities. Mobility management acts as a mechanism for organizing the system, as well as equalizing social and economic inequalities in urban centers, guaranteeing the planning, layout, efficiency, sustainability, safety and accessibility of transport systems for all users. This work aims to carry out exploratory qualitative research to assess urban mobility management in the city of João Pessoa in 2024 and over the last 10 years, from the perspective of the system's users and planners, by analyzing 31 variables defined and assessed by Braga (2015) through a questionnaire. The main problems pointed out include bus overcrowding, fare increases, the lack of adequate infrastructure for non-motorized transport, such as discontinuous bike lanes and uneven sidewalks, and the increased use of private vehicles, which contributes to congestion and pollution. However, despite these problems, in the last 10 years one of the main transformations has been the enactment of Law 14.515 in 2022, which establishes the João Pessoa Urban Mobility Plan. This plan seeks to improve urban conditions related to accessibility and mobility, reduce inequalities and promote social inclusion. In short, although many variables are still far from ideal (close to or equal to 100%), from the perspective of stakeholders (users and planners), in terms of management and sustainable urban mobility, the city has taken steps to achieve this goal, and for this to evolve there needs to be a continuous effort and collaboration between public bodies and society.