Cúpula da Memória: Estudo Preliminar para a Reabilitação Arquitetônica do Antigo Observatório Astronômico da Paraíba

Abstract

This work proposes the rehabilitation of the Paraíba Astronomical Observatory, located on Rua 13 de Maio, in downtown João Pessoa, with the aim of rescuing its scientific, historical, and urban value. Inaugurated in 1967, the observatory was one of the largest in the Northeast Region and contributed to international research programs, symbolizing its role as a center for knowledge production. However, it has been abandoned for approximately 50 years, with no plans for reuse, representing a significant loss for the region's scientific, educational, and tourism potential. The research was structured around four main axes: (1) a historical survey of astronomical observatories and their contemporary relevance, providing technical and theoretical support for architectural decisions; (2) the study of the culture of building abandonment in Brazil and the challenges of restoration, with emphasis on restoration theories; (3) an analysis of the urban context of the observatory and Rua 13 de Maio, including physical, social, and historical aspects, as well as relevant legislation and similar reference projects; and (4) the proposal of a rehabilitation project that promotes the building as a space for education, scientific tourism, and community engagement. The methodology included bibliographic and documentary research, analysis of public data from institutions such as IPHAN and João Pessoa City Hall, and use of tools like Google Earth. Questionnaires were applied to university groups and amateur astronomy communities to understand public perception of the site. A field survey was also conducted, including photographic records, measurements, and physical analysis of the surroundings. The result is an architectural proposal that preserves the scientific memory of Paraíba, promotes the public use of heritage, and encourages policies for urban integration and sustainable development.