O ensino de língua portuguesa nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental a partir das habilidades da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC)

Abstract

Although there seems to be, in common sense, some understanding of what is expected from the teaching of Portuguese Language, the specificities related to such teaching in the early years and its consequent differentiation from the later years of Elementary Education are not clearly defined or clarified within the school context. Therefore, the general objective of this investigation was to analyze how the National Common Core Curricular (BNCC) contributes to the understanding and characterization of Portuguese Language teaching in the early years of elementary school. The research sought to understand the teaching objects, that is, the historically constructed linguistic knowledge and practices that guide the selection and organization of school content. The theoretical review highlighted the history of curriculum and school subjects, especially those related to the teaching of Portuguese Language, including the literacy process, showing that education in Brazil has historically been structured in a selective way, aimed at elites, with a focus on the reproduction of Eurocentric knowledge inherited from the colonial period and the Jesuit teaching model.The research was grounded in a qualitative approach and employed an exploratory perspective. To achieve its objectives, a documentary study was carried out, in which the data—namely, the skills established for the Portuguese Language curricular component from the 1st to the 5th year of elementary school in the BNCC (2017)—were analyzed interpretatively. Based on the analysis of language practices such as reading/listening, writing, text production, orality, and linguistic/semiotic analysis, it was possible to understand how the normative document guides the development of skills, as well as what is expected of each of them. Thus, it was possible to perceive a certain progression in the learning outcomes expected of students regarding their first language.