Saberes e práticas populares em saúde uma experiência compartilhada com o Quilombo Caiana dos Crioulos

Abstract

Cultural practices and popular wisdom have accompanied humanity since the beginning of civilizations. Their traces, their roots, their habits, knowledge, and customs have accompanied our people for many years. This study, linked to the Popular Education Line of the Post-Graduate Program in Education (PPGE) of the Federal University of Paraíba, approaches the Popular Health Practices practiced by the quilombola people, having as its empirical field the Caiana dos Crioulos Quilombo, located in the rural area of Alagoa Grande, Paraíba. The study is divided into three stages of theoretical and methodological construction. The bibliographic review was done considering dissertations and thesis found in scientific production databases. In the second moment we did a research on videos, documentaries and reports which showed us the origin and the reality experienced by its members, bringing us subsidies of today and of yesteryear, and in the third moment we visited the territory, accompanied some residents and talked to them about their experiences and their practices, our field visit included participant observation and field diary recording for further deepening of the research object. In view of the above, the present dissertation has as its research question: to investigate "what are the knowledge and health practices of the quilombola people and the educational processes that are developed by them? "The hypothesis is that orality is the main factor for the propagation of knowledge. As a general objective we seek to know the educational processes of popular health practices in the quilombola community Caiana dos Crioulos, identify their traditional educational processes, analyze how popular health knowledge is conceived and valued by community members, and understand how this knowledge is passed on to younger generations. Methodologically, the study follows a Qualitative approach Minayo (2016), (Flick 2009) of Ethnographic character (Peirano 2008), Mattos (2011), it was based on authors in the area of Popular Education such as Freire (1996 Cultural practices and popular wisdom have accompanied humanity since the beginning of civilizations. Their traces, their roots, their habits, knowledge, and customs have accompanied our people for many years. This study, linked to the Popular Education Line of the Post-Graduate Program in Education (PPGE) of the Federal University of Paraíba, approaches the Popular Health Practices practiced by the quilombola people, having as its empirical field the Caiana dos Crioulos Quilombo, located in the rural area of Alagoa Grande, Paraíba. The study is divided into three stages of theoretical and methodological construction. The bibliographic review was done considering dissertations and thesis found in scientific production databases. In the second moment we did a research on videos, documentaries and reports which showed us the origin and the reality experienced by its members, bringing us subsidies of today and of yesteryear, and in the third moment we visited the territory, accompanied some residents and talked to them about their experiences and their practices, our field visit included participant observation and field diary recording for further deepening of the research object. In view of the above, the present dissertation has as its research question: to investigate "what are the knowledge and health practices of the quilombola people and the educational processes that are developed by them? "The hypothesis is that orality is the main factor for the propagation of knowledge. As a general objective we seek to know the educational processes of popular health practices in the quilombola community Caiana dos Crioulos, identify their traditional educational processes, analyze how popular health knowledge is conceived and valued by community members, and understand how this

11 knowledge is passed on to younger generations. Methodologically, the study follows a Qualitative approach Minayo (2016), (Flick 2009) of Ethnographic character (Peirano 2008), Mattos (2011), it was based on authors in the area of Popular Education such as Freire (1996), Calado (2014), Machado (2012) and in the area of Popular Education in Health, such as Vasconcelos (2001), Oliveira (2009), Lopes (2020), Racism and Quilombola Peoples, Gomes (2019), Ribeiro (2020), among others. As a result of the research, we present the narratives of her important trajectory and experience, bringing debates and reflections about the theme. It is believed that this study will highlight the relevance and significance of the Popular Health Practices, based on the wisdom of the quilombola people and the need to expand their accomplishments and popular knowledge.

RESUMEN

Las prácticas culturales y la sabiduría popular han acompañado a la humanidad desde los albores de las civilizaciones. Sus huellas, sus raíces, sus hábitos, conocimientos y costumbres han acompañado a nuestro pueblo durante muchos años. Este estudio vinculado a la Línea de Educación Popular del Programa de Posgrado en Educación (PPGE) de la Universidad Federal de Paraíba aborda las Prácticas Populares en Salud practicadas por el pueblo quilombola, teniendo como campo empírico el Quilombo Caiana dos Crioulos, ubicado en el área rural del municipio de Alagoa Grande en Paraíba. El estudio se divide en tres etapas de construcción teórica y metodológica, en el primer momento se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para una mejor comprensión del tema. La revisión bibliográfica se realizó teniendo en cuenta las disertaciones y tesis encontradas en los bancos de producción científica. Ya en el segundo momento hicimos una investigación sobre videos, documentales y reportajes que nos mostraron el origen y la realidad vivida por sus integrantes, nos trajeron subsidios de hoy y de ayer, y en el tercer momento visitamos el territorio acompañando a algunos pobladores y conversando con ellos sobre sus experiencias y sus prácticas, nuestra visita de campo incluyó la observación participante y el registro del diario de campo para profundizar aún más el objeto de investigación. En vista de lo anterior, esta disertación tiene como pregunta de investigación: indagar "¿cuáles son los conocimientos y las prácticas de salud de los pueblos quilombolas y los procesos educativos que se desarrollan en ellos? "La hipótesis es que la oralidad es el principal factor de propagación del conocimiento. Como objetivo general buscamos conocer los procesos educativos de las prácticas populares de salud en la comunidad quilombola Caiana dos Crioulos, identificar sus procesos educativos tradicionales, analizar cómo se concibe y valora el conocimiento popular de la salud por parte de los miembros de la comunidad, además de comprender cómo se transmite este conocimiento a las generaciones más jóvenes. Metodológicamente, el estudio sigue un enfoque Cualitativo Minayo (2016), (Flick 2009) de carácter Etnográfico (Peirano 2008), Mattos (2011), basándose en autores del área de Educación Popular como Freire (1996), Calado (2014), Machado (2012) y del área de Educación Popular en Salud, como Vasconcelos (2001), Oliveira (2009), Lopes (2020), Racismo y Pueblos Quilombolas, Gomes (2019), Ribeiro (2020), entre otros. Como resultado de la investigación, presentamos los relatos de su importante trayectoria y experiencia, poniendo en discusión debates y reflexiones sobre el tema. Se cree que este estudio destacará la relevancia y el significado de las Prácticas Populares de Salud, a partir de la sabiduría del pueblo quilombola y la necesidad de ampliar sus hechos y conocimientos populares.