Perfil de eficácia, efetividade e segurança da atomoxetina no TDAH: uma overview

Abstract

Atomoxetine is a medication indicated for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recently introduced to the Brazilian market, it has potential for improving the quality of life of individuals with this condition. The present study aimed to conduct an integrative review on the use of atomoxetine in the treatment of ADHD, gathering and analyzing evidence regarding its efficacy/effectiveness and safety. In this integrative review, a search was conducted on August 19, 2024, using terms related to systematic reviews and meta-analyses on atomoxetine and ADHD in the PubMed/MEDLINE database. The results were imported into Rayyan software, where titles and abstracts were initially screened. Inclusion criteria comprised systematic reviews on the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of atomoxetine in human patients diagnosed with ADHD, focusing on clinical outcomes. The results were evaluated descriptively. A total of 40 articles were included in the analysis. Atomoxetine proved effective in treating ADHD across various age groups, with a notable safety profile, especially in patients at higher risk of substance abuse or those with comorbidities such as anxiety and tic disorders. Additionally, atomoxetine demonstrated moderate efficacy in treating ADHD in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, although symptom control for hyperactivity and impulsivity was inferior to that achieved with stimulant use. Thus, it is concluded that atomoxetine demonstrates efficacy and effectiveness in treating ADHD across different age groups, with a greater response for inattentive symptoms than for hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms, particularly in adults, and a safety profile superior to that of psychostimulant medications.